Rice is a staple food crop in many countries, especially in the Asian regions from Japan in the east to Pakistan in the west. It grows in moist conditions, which are common in the Asian region. And with such climatic conditions, India and Thailand became the leading rice exporting countries during 2020.
According to a report, the global rice market will be a USD 274 Billion opportunity by the end of 2027.
With countries such as India, Thailand, Vietnam, and Pakistan having the highest export volume of rice globally, Asia is the world’s largest rice exporting continent. Paddy farming is important to these countries’ economic development.
The Asian section comprises over 200 million rice fields and produces around 90 percent of the world’s rice.
Global Rice Supply:
- In the last few years, the global rice supply amounted to over 700 million metric tons of milled equivalent each year.
- The production of milled rice was projected to increase to over 496 million metric tons worldwide in 2020.
Global Rice Consumption:
- Between 2008 and 2019, global rice consumption increased by over 50 million metric tons, from 437 million metric tons to around 490 million metric tons. In 2018-19, the top three countries for rice consumption were China, India, and Indonesia.
Let’s dive deeper and get insights into the worlds’ top 10 largest rice exporting countries:
India:
- As of 2020-21, India had the highest export volume of rice worldwide, at 15.5 million metric tons.
- India is one of the largest producers of white rice and brown rice.
- It accounts for 20% of global rice production and is a leading exporter of rice.
- Rice is India’s pre-eminent crop and is the staple food of the people of the eastern and southern parts of the country.
- Rice is the staple crop in the eastern and southern parts of the country and is a significant crop in terms of national food security.
- India is also the world’s leading exporter of Basmati rice, with 4.4 million tons exported in 2018-19.
- Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Orissa are the largest rice-producing Indian states.
Thailand:
- Thailand, the world’s second-largest rice exporter last year, is lower than its previous expectation of a seven-year low of 7.5 million tonnes for 2020.
- Rice is grown in all provinces in Thailand. The country is famous for growing jasmine rice that is popular across the world for its stickiness and its popcorn-like aroma.
- The production of rice contributed to around 15% of Thailand’s agricultural GDP. In 2018/19, the country produced 20.34 million metric tons of milled rice.
- Sales of Thai premium-grade jasmine rice have risen by 63% this year, benefiting from panic-buying in wealthier markets like Singapore, Hong Kong, the United States, and Canada.
Vietnam:
- Vietnam is one of the largest rice producers in the world.
- Most of the people who live in the provinces around the Mekong Delta are involved in rice cultivation.
- Around 82% of Vietnam’s arable land is used to cultivate rice, and in 2018/19, Vietnam produced 27.77 million metric tons of rice and exported around 6.6 million metric tons to the Philippines, China, and some countries in Africa.
Pakistan:
- In 2019-20, Pakistan’s rice exports fetched $2.27 billion with an annual growth rate of five percent, according to the State Bank of Pakistan’s (SBP) foreign trade report.
- In 2018-19 as well as 2019-20, total rice shipments remained above 4m tonnes. However, the exports of Basmati rice stood at 791,000 tonnes and 890,000 tonnes in 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively.
The United States:
- The U.S. is a major exporter of rice, majorly to Mexico, Northeast Asia, Central America, the Caribbean, Canada, the Middle East, the European Union, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
- The US exported more than 3 million metric tonnes of rice during 2020.
- Rough or un-milled rice, parboiled rice, brown rice, and fully milled rice are all exported from the United States.
- Rough rice currently accounts for around one-third of US rice exports (on a rough-rice basis), with Latin America serving as the major market.
- The United States is the only major exporter that permits the export of rough rice.
China:
- China is the world’s largest producer of rice. It is also the first country in the world to successfully produce hybrid rice, bred from two different types of plants.
- In 2018/2019, China produced over 148 million metric tons of milled rice.
- The crop primarily grows in provinces such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, and Sichuan by the Yangtze River, where almost 95% of China’s rice is grown using traditional methods.
- Approximately 65% of China’s population consumes rice as a staple food.
Myanmar (Burma):
- According to a release from the Myanmar Rice Federation, Myanmar exported over 2.25 million tons of rice and broken rice as of the fiscal year 2019-2020.
- According to the federation’s estimates, the country exported over 1.4 million tonnes of rice and 839,956 tonnes of broken rice, earning over $678.29 million USD.
- This fiscal year’s rice and broken rice exports exceeded last year’s numbers by 355,874 tonnes, as Myanmar shipped over 1.8 million tonnes of rice and broken rice during the same period last year.
Cambodia:
- According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Veng Sakhon, Cambodia exported more than 3.58 million tonnes of milled rice and paddy worth more than $1.26 billion in 2020.
- Outbound shipments of milled rice accounted for 690,829 tonnes worth nearly $539 million last year, which represents an 11.40 percent surge from 2019.
- The ministry added that 76 Cambodian firms exported the milled rice to 60 international markets with China absorbing the largest share of 289,439 tonnes, equivalent to 41.90 percent of the total.
Brazil:
- In 2019/2020, Brazilian rice exports amounted to over one million metric tons, up from 954 thousand metric tons exported a year earlier.
- For the trading year 2020/2021, the South American country is estimated to exporting 900 thousand metric tons in rice volume.
Uruguay:
- With 820 Million Metric tonnes, Uruguay is the 10th largest rice exporting country in the world.
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